Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus or Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO)

FAQs about Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus or Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO) Phimosis

Lichen sclerosis or balanitis is more common in diabetes patients.  What are the advantages and disadvantages of circumcision in the presence of BXO 

Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus Balanitis  Xerotica Obliterans

WHAT IS LICHEN SCLEROSUS BALANITIS XEROTICA OBLITERANS FORESKIN?

Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus or Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO) is a thin, white, wavy patch on the foreskin. It can be troublesome if this is not treated. This causes tight foreskin in children and adults. This is also known as lichen sclerosis atrophicus Csillag’s or white spot disease.

WHO GETS THE BXO?

Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus or Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans is a disease affecting uncircumcised males ranging from young boys to adolescents and adults. This is the most common cause of tightening of the foreskin (BXO phimosis)

WHAT CAUSES THE BXO?

The exact cause of Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus is not known. Sometimes, it is associated with diseases in which the body’s immune system attacks normal tissues. Despite the tendency to affect the genital skin, BXO is not an infection – the condition is not contagious, so sexual partners cannot pick it up. Rarely, BXO can occur in relatives.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF BXO?

Many patients have none, but itching is the most common symptom of Lichen Sclerosus. As a rule, the patches on the foreskin itch can also hurt if the skin breaks down or cracks. In the genital area, the scar-like process can tighten the skin, interfering with sexual intercourse in affected men. BXO can make the foreskin tight and difficult to retract and even partly block the urine flow.

WHAT DOES BXO LOOK LIKE?

On the main areas of the foreskin, the spots of BXO look like small ivory-coloured, slightly raised areas, which can form white patches. Some have tiny yellowish horny plugs within the pale areas. After a while, the surface of the spots can look like wrinkled tissue paper. The most common sites are the bends of the wrists, the upper trunk, around the breasts, the neck and armpits. Sometimes, this causes no symptoms, and they may not even know it exists.

The white, thin, fragile areas, sometimes surrounding the foreskin in a figure of eight patterns, have a wavy surface; their fragility may lead to easy bruising and erosions. Later, the foreskin opening can shrink, leading to pain with intercourse. Less often, BXO can develop in children. It can make a retraction of the foreskin difficult and interfere with passing water and sexual activities. Lichen Sclerosus can be confused with thrush infection.

HOW WILL BXO BE DIAGNOSED?

Lichen Sclerosus can usually be diagnosed based on the condition's typical appearance. This will be confirmed after examining the foreskin skin (a biopsy) under the microscope.

CAN THE BXO BE CURED?

No treatment is likely to reverse the changes of BXO completely, but the symptoms and signs of the disease can usually be well controlled with a steroid application and circumcision.

HOW CAN

LICHEN SCLEROSUS (BXO) BE TREATED?

A variety of treatments are available for BXO. Steroid creams or ointments can relieve symptoms. Bland moisturisers help soften and protect the skin. In adults, tightening of the foreskin will often respond to steroid ointments; if not, circumcision may be worth considering. In children, circumcision is usually required.

The fragile skin of BXO may be more susceptible than normal skin to infection with Candida yeasts (thrush) or bacteria and may split or even bleed. We will treat these problems if they arise.

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

Cancer of the penis may be a little more likely to occur in BXO that has been present for many years than in normal skin. If you have any lumps or non-healing sores in that area, you should ask your doctor to look at them.

It is vital to follow up with your GP or Urologist if BXO persists even after circumcision and treatment.

SELF-CARE (What can you do?)

  • Avoid washing with soap and use an emollient soap substitute/ cream. 
  • Carefully dry yourself after passing urine, thus reducing the contact of urine with your skin.
  • Using a moisturiser or yellow soft paraffin (such as Vaseline) as a barrier cream can protect your skin from exposure to urine.
  • Keep pubic hairs trimmed so they do not get trapped between the foreskin and the penis.
  • A lubricant for sex will reduce excessive friction.
  • If you smoke, stop smoking to reduce the risk of penis cancer.
  • Lifelong regular self-examination is very important for all men who have or have had genital lichen sclerosus. If any skin changes develop that do not respond to steroid creams, particularly any persistent skin thickening or soreness, it is essential to tell the doctor immediately. A skin biopsy may be necessary to test for skin cancer. (Ref: British Association of Dermatologists Feb 2017)

The price for adult circumcision with frenuloplasty is £660 with glue and biopsy £150 in case of BXO.

Adult circumcision in London is the best circumcision clinic for managing tight foreskin with penile BXO.

PATHWAY FOR PATIENTS WITH PHIMOSIS DUE TO BXO IN OUR CLINIC

  1. Assessment and advice for the option of treatment like steroid cream, preputioplasty, circumcision or further operations
  2. Consultation before the circumcision
  3. Circumcision with glue is better than stitches
  4. Aftercare advice following the circumcision
  5. To send the biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and exclude any malignancy
  6. Further treatment after six weeks of circumcision
  7. Advice to follow up with your GP or at our clinic with Dr Khan
  8. Term follow-up is required if biopsy-proven BXO is found after the circumcision

Please get in touch with us for specialist and professional opinion.

PS: This information is only for guidance. This is not a replacement for professional medical advice. Please, Dr Khan, for free telephone advice at +447527314081 without any obligation